I typically keep the food scraps directed to the compost bin or put in a compost trench. If you can't do a compost pile you could possibly try the trench method, or if you are in containers try burying a small amount of food scraps into the pot at planting.

I have had great success with a fish emulsion fertilizer. Depending on the type of plant I fertilize every 1-3 weeks during the initial few months of the growing season and then go to 4-5 weeks as autumn draws near. Also with the fish fertilizer I generally stop using it 2-3 weeks before I harvest anything to eat.